Cloning Of C. Elegans - 907 Words

Introduction In 1993 Victor Ambros and colleagues discovered that lin-4, a gene known to control the timing of C. elegans larval development does not code for a protein but instead produces a pair of small RNAs [1, 2]. For seven years after the discovery of the lin-4 RNA there was no evidence for lin-4-like RNAs beyond nematodes. This all changed upon the discovery that let-7, another gene in the C. elegans encoded a second ~22 nt regulatory RNA. Homologs of the let-7 gene were soon identified in human and fly genomes, and let-7 RNA itself was detected in human, Drosophila, and eleven other bilateral animals [3]. One year later, a total of over one hundred additional genes for tiny noncoding RNAs were detected. The RNA products of these†¦show more content†¦This arrangement provides a convenient mechanism for the coordinated expression of a miRNA and a protein. Regulatory scenarios are easy to imagine in which such coordinate expression could be useful, which would explain the conserved relationships between miRNAs and host mRNAs. A striking example of this conservation involves mir-7, found in the intron of hnRNP K in both insects and mammals [11]. The majority of worm and human miRNA genes are isolated and not clustered. [12, 13] Orthologs of C. elegans lin-4 and let-7 are clustered in the fly and human genomes and are coexpressed, sometimes from the same primary transcript. A 693 bp genomic fragment rescues the lin-4 deficiency, implying that all the elements required for the regulation and initiation of transcription are located in this short segment [1]. Some of the more interesting genomic locations of miRNA genes include those in the Hox clusters. The mir-10 gene lies in the Antennapedia complex of insects and in the orthologous locations in two Hox clusters of mammals [15, 16]. The Hox miRNAs are especially good candidates for having interesting functions in animal development. Nearly all of the cloned miRNAs are conserved in closely related animals such as human and mouse, or C. elegans and C. briggsae [16, 17]. Many mi RNAs are conserved concerved more broadlyShow MoreRelatedEssay On The Study Of C. Elegans793 Words   |  4 Pagesspecific deficient C. elegans mutant have been performed using mammalian orthologues for the deficient gene in question. These phenotypic rescues are done so by the introduction of cDNA of the deficient gene via a plasmid vector. A phenotypic rescue of ngl-2 deficient C. elegans mutants using human and rat NGL-2 cDNA was successful (Calahorro and Ruiz-Rubio 2012). This suggests that orthologous mammal ian genes can be used to perform a phenotypic rescue on a deficient C. elegans, mutant. The aim ofRead MoreA Research Study On Cultured And Handled At 20. C Using Standard Methods ( Brenner ) Essay1268 Words   |  6 PagesNematodes were cultured and handled at 20  °C using standard methods (Brenner, 1974). C. elegans strains used in this study are as follows: N2 Bristol and MR156: rrIs01[Pelt-2::GFP; unc-119(+)] X, which were used as wild type. CB3514: lin-23(e1883)/dpy-10(e128) II, YHS47: lin-23(e1883)/dpy-10(e128) II; rrIs01[Pelt-2::GFP + unc-119(+)] X, DH2: zyg-11(b2) II. DS97: mat-2(ax76) II, EU593: mel-26(or184) I, EU640: cul-2(or209) III, UP63: mat-3(ku233) III, NJ582: cul-1(e1756)/unc-69(e587) III, VC141: zif-1(gk117)Read MoreRna Interference ( Rnai ) Drugs1382 Words   |  6 PagesThe medicines currently produced can actually stop the production of certain proteins to treat specific illnesses, essentially making a genetic â€Å"off switch† for certain genes. A common focus of RNAi is targeting cancers, liver disease, and Hepatitis C., by utilizing sm all single and double sided RNA segments that alter the host RNA, allowing for little to no DNA change while stopping the function and reproduction of the target. One of the only downsides to this kind of treatment is that it is nonreversibleRead MoreRapid Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Mapping1859 Words   |  8 PagesChondraah Holmes Dr. Julie Hall Cell Biology Genetics 18 March 2016 Rapid single nucleotide polymorphism mapping in C. elegans Technique Review SNP Mapping Related to the Literature Article Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are any type of variation that can occur in the genome (Jabukowski Kornfeld, 1999). SNP mapping is a well-recognized technique within the field of C. elegans research (Zipperlen et al., 2005, Swan, Curtis, McKusick, Volnov, Mapa, Cancilla, 2002, Kaletta Hengartner, 2006)Read More Functional Genomic Analysis of C. elegans Using RNA Interference2879 Words   |  12 Pagesimportant experiment, do you know what a nematode is? Specifically, this experiment used Caenorhabditis elegans, C. elegans for short. C. elegans is a little worm (just like the kind you find in the ground), but has a very special place in modern biochemistry: scientists have mapped its entire genomic sequence. This sequence lets scientists know the character and location of all C. elegans genes. However, biochemists do not yet fully understand what each gene does and the goal of this experimentRead MoreFor My Final Clone Report, I Choose To Write About T6Dl4.17.Below2757 Words   |  12 Pagesalignments were different for the same protein. Overall, I determined the 5’ UTR to be G1-A28 and the ORF to be A29-G1051. What is your gene similar to? What is the ORF sequence name of the C. elegans homolog (i.e. ZC101.2)? If there is a gene name (i.e. unc-52), what is it? The name of the homolog of my gene in C. elegans is act-3 and its gene id is 179533. It is similar to ACT-1, ACT-2, and ACT-4. Its locus is T04C12.4 and it is also known as ACTin family member (act-3). What does the protein encodedRead MoreThe Mechanisms Linking Ribosomal Translation And Pre Mrna Processing10128 Words   |  41 Pagesproposed to explain how this process is carried out. 1.4. Factors involved in NMD NMD factors were initially identified in genetic screens in random mutants of budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. His- mutants contain his4-38 mutant allele – a G/C insertion which results in the shift of histidine open reading frame. In a genetic background of tRNA frameshift suppressor in which four-base codons are also recognized and translated, the reading frame is restored and histidine expressed (His+ phenotype)Read More Human Genome Project Essay4868 Words   |  20 Pagesorganisms other than the human. Comparative mapping studies are being carried out simultaneously in a number of other organisms, especially in the laboratory mouse (Mus musculus), the fruitfly (Drosophila melanogaster), a nematode worm (Caenorhabditis elegans), yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and Escherichia coli. Comparisons of DNA sequences and the chromosomal organization of related genes and clusters of genes from different organisms are powerful tools for identifying the elements essential for theirRead MoreCell Biology Final Essay30093 Words   |  121 PagesA) ribosomes B) oxidative phosphorylation C) DNA molecules -D) a nucleus 2. Cytoplasmic organelles are - A) absent in prokaryotic cells; present in eukaryotic cells. B) present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. C) present in prokaryotic cells; absent in eukaryotic cells. D) absent in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 3. Eukaryotic chromosomes contain _______ DNA molecules. A) single linear B) single circular -C) multiple linear D) multiple circular